section ‹The type of continuous functions›
theory Cfun
imports Cpodef Fun_Cpo Product_Cpo
begin
default_sort cpo
subsection ‹Definition of continuous function type›
definition "cfun = {f::'a => 'b. cont f}"
cpodef ('a, 'b) cfun ("(_ →/ _)" [1, 0] 0) = "cfun :: ('a => 'b) set"
unfolding cfun_def by (auto intro: cont_const adm_cont)
type_notation (ASCII)
cfun (infixr "->" 0)
notation (ASCII)
Rep_cfun ("(_$/_)" [999,1000] 999)
notation
Rep_cfun ("(_⋅/_)" [999,1000] 999)
subsection ‹Syntax for continuous lambda abstraction›
syntax "_cabs" :: "[logic, logic] ⇒ logic"
parse_translation ‹
(* rewrite (_cabs x t) => (Abs_cfun (%x. t)) *)
[Syntax_Trans.mk_binder_tr (@{syntax_const "_cabs"}, @{const_syntax Abs_cfun})];
›
print_translation ‹
[(@{const_syntax Abs_cfun}, fn _ => fn [Abs abs] =>
let val (x, t) = Syntax_Trans.atomic_abs_tr' abs
in Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_cabs"} $ x $ t end)]
› ― ‹To avoid eta-contraction of body›
text ‹Syntax for nested abstractions›
syntax (ASCII)
"_Lambda" :: "[cargs, logic] ⇒ logic" ("(3LAM _./ _)" [1000, 10] 10)
syntax
"_Lambda" :: "[cargs, logic] ⇒ logic" ("(3Λ _./ _)" [1000, 10] 10)
parse_ast_translation ‹
(* rewrite (LAM x y z. t) => (_cabs x (_cabs y (_cabs z t))) *)
(* cf. Syntax.lambda_ast_tr from src/Pure/Syntax/syn_trans.ML *)
let
fun Lambda_ast_tr [pats, body] =
Ast.fold_ast_p @{syntax_const "_cabs"}
(Ast.unfold_ast @{syntax_const "_cargs"} (Ast.strip_positions pats), body)
| Lambda_ast_tr asts = raise Ast.AST ("Lambda_ast_tr", asts);
in [(@{syntax_const "_Lambda"}, K Lambda_ast_tr)] end;
›
print_ast_translation ‹
(* rewrite (_cabs x (_cabs y (_cabs z t))) => (LAM x y z. t) *)
(* cf. Syntax.abs_ast_tr' from src/Pure/Syntax/syn_trans.ML *)
let
fun cabs_ast_tr' asts =
(case Ast.unfold_ast_p @{syntax_const "_cabs"}
(Ast.Appl (Ast.Constant @{syntax_const "_cabs"} :: asts)) of
([], _) => raise Ast.AST ("cabs_ast_tr'", asts)
| (xs, body) => Ast.Appl
[Ast.Constant @{syntax_const "_Lambda"},
Ast.fold_ast @{syntax_const "_cargs"} xs, body]);
in [(@{syntax_const "_cabs"}, K cabs_ast_tr')] end
›
text ‹Dummy patterns for continuous abstraction›
translations
"Λ _. t" => "CONST Abs_cfun (λ _. t)"
subsection ‹Continuous function space is pointed›
lemma bottom_cfun: "⊥ ∈ cfun"
by (simp add: cfun_def inst_fun_pcpo)
instance cfun :: (cpo, discrete_cpo) discrete_cpo
by intro_classes (simp add: below_cfun_def Rep_cfun_inject)
instance cfun :: (cpo, pcpo) pcpo
by (rule typedef_pcpo [OF type_definition_cfun below_cfun_def bottom_cfun])
lemmas Rep_cfun_strict =
typedef_Rep_strict [OF type_definition_cfun below_cfun_def bottom_cfun]
lemmas Abs_cfun_strict =
typedef_Abs_strict [OF type_definition_cfun below_cfun_def bottom_cfun]
text ‹function application is strict in its first argument›
lemma Rep_cfun_strict1 [simp]: "⊥⋅x = ⊥"
by (simp add: Rep_cfun_strict)
lemma LAM_strict [simp]: "(Λ x. ⊥) = ⊥"
by (simp add: inst_fun_pcpo [symmetric] Abs_cfun_strict)
text ‹for compatibility with old HOLCF-Version›
lemma inst_cfun_pcpo: "⊥ = (Λ x. ⊥)"
by simp
subsection ‹Basic properties of continuous functions›
text ‹Beta-equality for continuous functions›
lemma Abs_cfun_inverse2: "cont f ⟹ Rep_cfun (Abs_cfun f) = f"
by (simp add: Abs_cfun_inverse cfun_def)
lemma beta_cfun: "cont f ⟹ (Λ x. f x)⋅u = f u"
by (simp add: Abs_cfun_inverse2)
text ‹Beta-reduction simproc›
text ‹
Given the term @{term "(Λ x. f x)⋅y"}, the procedure tries to
construct the theorem @{term "(Λ x. f x)⋅y == f y"}. If this
theorem cannot be completely solved by the cont2cont rules, then
the procedure returns the ordinary conditional ‹beta_cfun›
rule.
The simproc does not solve any more goals that would be solved by
using ‹beta_cfun› as a simp rule. The advantage of the
simproc is that it can avoid deeply-nested calls to the simplifier
that would otherwise be caused by large continuity side conditions.
Update: The simproc now uses rule ‹Abs_cfun_inverse2› instead
of ‹beta_cfun›, to avoid problems with eta-contraction.
›
simproc_setup beta_cfun_proc ("Rep_cfun (Abs_cfun f)") = ‹
fn phi => fn ctxt => fn ct =>
let
val dest = Thm.dest_comb;
val f = (snd o dest o snd o dest) ct;
val [T, U] = Thm.dest_ctyp (Thm.ctyp_of_cterm f);
val tr = Thm.instantiate' [SOME T, SOME U] [SOME f]
(mk_meta_eq @{thm Abs_cfun_inverse2});
val rules = Named_Theorems.get ctxt @{named_theorems cont2cont};
val tac = SOLVED' (REPEAT_ALL_NEW (match_tac ctxt (rev rules)));
in SOME (perhaps (SINGLE (tac 1)) tr) end
›
text ‹Eta-equality for continuous functions›
lemma eta_cfun: "(Λ x. f⋅x) = f"
by (rule Rep_cfun_inverse)
text ‹Extensionality for continuous functions›
lemma cfun_eq_iff: "f = g ⟷ (∀x. f⋅x = g⋅x)"
by (simp add: Rep_cfun_inject [symmetric] fun_eq_iff)
lemma cfun_eqI: "(⋀x. f⋅x = g⋅x) ⟹ f = g"
by (simp add: cfun_eq_iff)
text ‹Extensionality wrt. ordering for continuous functions›
lemma cfun_below_iff: "f ⊑ g ⟷ (∀x. f⋅x ⊑ g⋅x)"
by (simp add: below_cfun_def fun_below_iff)
lemma cfun_belowI: "(⋀x. f⋅x ⊑ g⋅x) ⟹ f ⊑ g"
by (simp add: cfun_below_iff)
text ‹Congruence for continuous function application›
lemma cfun_cong: "⟦f = g; x = y⟧ ⟹ f⋅x = g⋅y"
by simp
lemma cfun_fun_cong: "f = g ⟹ f⋅x = g⋅x"
by simp
lemma cfun_arg_cong: "x = y ⟹ f⋅x = f⋅y"
by simp
subsection ‹Continuity of application›
lemma cont_Rep_cfun1: "cont (λf. f⋅x)"
by (rule cont_Rep_cfun [OF cont_id, THEN cont2cont_fun])
lemma cont_Rep_cfun2: "cont (λx. f⋅x)"
apply (cut_tac x=f in Rep_cfun)
apply (simp add: cfun_def)
done
lemmas monofun_Rep_cfun = cont_Rep_cfun [THEN cont2mono]
lemmas monofun_Rep_cfun1 = cont_Rep_cfun1 [THEN cont2mono]
lemmas monofun_Rep_cfun2 = cont_Rep_cfun2 [THEN cont2mono]
text ‹contlub, cont properties of @{term Rep_cfun} in each argument›
lemma contlub_cfun_arg: "chain Y ⟹ f⋅(⨆i. Y i) = (⨆i. f⋅(Y i))"
by (rule cont_Rep_cfun2 [THEN cont2contlubE])
lemma contlub_cfun_fun: "chain F ⟹ (⨆i. F i)⋅x = (⨆i. F i⋅x)"
by (rule cont_Rep_cfun1 [THEN cont2contlubE])
text ‹monotonicity of application›
lemma monofun_cfun_fun: "f ⊑ g ⟹ f⋅x ⊑ g⋅x"
by (simp add: cfun_below_iff)
lemma monofun_cfun_arg: "x ⊑ y ⟹ f⋅x ⊑ f⋅y"
by (rule monofun_Rep_cfun2 [THEN monofunE])
lemma monofun_cfun: "⟦f ⊑ g; x ⊑ y⟧ ⟹ f⋅x ⊑ g⋅y"
by (rule below_trans [OF monofun_cfun_fun monofun_cfun_arg])
text ‹ch2ch - rules for the type @{typ "'a -> 'b"}›
lemma chain_monofun: "chain Y ⟹ chain (λi. f⋅(Y i))"
by (erule monofun_Rep_cfun2 [THEN ch2ch_monofun])
lemma ch2ch_Rep_cfunR: "chain Y ⟹ chain (λi. f⋅(Y i))"
by (rule monofun_Rep_cfun2 [THEN ch2ch_monofun])
lemma ch2ch_Rep_cfunL: "chain F ⟹ chain (λi. (F i)⋅x)"
by (rule monofun_Rep_cfun1 [THEN ch2ch_monofun])
lemma ch2ch_Rep_cfun [simp]:
"⟦chain F; chain Y⟧ ⟹ chain (λi. (F i)⋅(Y i))"
by (simp add: chain_def monofun_cfun)
lemma ch2ch_LAM [simp]:
"⟦⋀x. chain (λi. S i x); ⋀i. cont (λx. S i x)⟧ ⟹ chain (λi. Λ x. S i x)"
by (simp add: chain_def cfun_below_iff)
text ‹contlub, cont properties of @{term Rep_cfun} in both arguments›
lemma lub_APP:
"⟦chain F; chain Y⟧ ⟹ (⨆i. F i⋅(Y i)) = (⨆i. F i)⋅(⨆i. Y i)"
by (simp add: contlub_cfun_fun contlub_cfun_arg diag_lub)
lemma lub_LAM:
"⟦⋀x. chain (λi. F i x); ⋀i. cont (λx. F i x)⟧
⟹ (⨆i. Λ x. F i x) = (Λ x. ⨆i. F i x)"
by (simp add: lub_cfun lub_fun ch2ch_lambda)
lemmas lub_distribs = lub_APP lub_LAM
text ‹strictness›
lemma strictI: "f⋅x = ⊥ ⟹ f⋅⊥ = ⊥"
apply (rule bottomI)
apply (erule subst)
apply (rule minimal [THEN monofun_cfun_arg])
done
text ‹type @{typ "'a -> 'b"} is chain complete›
lemma lub_cfun: "chain F ⟹ (⨆i. F i) = (Λ x. ⨆i. F i⋅x)"
by (simp add: lub_cfun lub_fun ch2ch_lambda)
subsection ‹Continuity simplification procedure›
text ‹cont2cont lemma for @{term Rep_cfun}›
lemma cont2cont_APP [simp, cont2cont]:
assumes f: "cont (λx. f x)"
assumes t: "cont (λx. t x)"
shows "cont (λx. (f x)⋅(t x))"
proof -
have 1: "⋀y. cont (λx. (f x)⋅y)"
using cont_Rep_cfun1 f by (rule cont_compose)
show "cont (λx. (f x)⋅(t x))"
using t cont_Rep_cfun2 1 by (rule cont_apply)
qed
text ‹
Two specific lemmas for the combination of LCF and HOL terms.
These lemmas are needed in theories that use types like @{typ "'a → 'b ⇒ 'c"}.
›
lemma cont_APP_app [simp]: "⟦cont f; cont g⟧ ⟹ cont (λx. ((f x)⋅(g x)) s)"
by (rule cont2cont_APP [THEN cont2cont_fun])
lemma cont_APP_app_app [simp]: "⟦cont f; cont g⟧ ⟹ cont (λx. ((f x)⋅(g x)) s t)"
by (rule cont_APP_app [THEN cont2cont_fun])
text ‹cont2mono Lemma for @{term "%x. LAM y. c1(x)(y)"}›
lemma cont2mono_LAM:
"⟦⋀x. cont (λy. f x y); ⋀y. monofun (λx. f x y)⟧
⟹ monofun (λx. Λ y. f x y)"
unfolding monofun_def cfun_below_iff by simp
text ‹cont2cont Lemma for @{term "%x. LAM y. f x y"}›
text ‹
Not suitable as a cont2cont rule, because on nested lambdas
it causes exponential blow-up in the number of subgoals.
›
lemma cont2cont_LAM:
assumes f1: "⋀x. cont (λy. f x y)"
assumes f2: "⋀y. cont (λx. f x y)"
shows "cont (λx. Λ y. f x y)"
proof (rule cont_Abs_cfun)
fix x
from f1 show "f x ∈ cfun" by (simp add: cfun_def)
from f2 show "cont f" by (rule cont2cont_lambda)
qed
text ‹
This version does work as a cont2cont rule, since it
has only a single subgoal.
›
lemma cont2cont_LAM' [simp, cont2cont]:
fixes f :: "'a::cpo ⇒ 'b::cpo ⇒ 'c::cpo"
assumes f: "cont (λp. f (fst p) (snd p))"
shows "cont (λx. Λ y. f x y)"
using assms by (simp add: cont2cont_LAM prod_cont_iff)
lemma cont2cont_LAM_discrete [simp, cont2cont]:
"(⋀y::'a::discrete_cpo. cont (λx. f x y)) ⟹ cont (λx. Λ y. f x y)"
by (simp add: cont2cont_LAM)
subsection ‹Miscellaneous›
text ‹Monotonicity of @{term Abs_cfun}›
lemma monofun_LAM:
"⟦cont f; cont g; ⋀x. f x ⊑ g x⟧ ⟹ (Λ x. f x) ⊑ (Λ x. g x)"
by (simp add: cfun_below_iff)
text ‹some lemmata for functions with flat/chfin domain/range types›
lemma chfin_Rep_cfunR: "chain (Y::nat => 'a::cpo->'b::chfin)
==> !s. ? n. (LUB i. Y i)$s = Y n$s"
apply (rule allI)
apply (subst contlub_cfun_fun)
apply assumption
apply (fast intro!: lub_eqI chfin lub_finch2 chfin2finch ch2ch_Rep_cfunL)
done
lemma adm_chfindom: "adm (λ(u::'a::cpo → 'b::chfin). P(u⋅s))"
by (rule adm_subst, simp, rule adm_chfin)
subsection ‹Continuous injection-retraction pairs›
text ‹Continuous retractions are strict.›
lemma retraction_strict:
"∀x. f⋅(g⋅x) = x ⟹ f⋅⊥ = ⊥"
apply (rule bottomI)
apply (drule_tac x="⊥" in spec)
apply (erule subst)
apply (rule monofun_cfun_arg)
apply (rule minimal)
done
lemma injection_eq:
"∀x. f⋅(g⋅x) = x ⟹ (g⋅x = g⋅y) = (x = y)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (drule_tac f=f in cfun_arg_cong)
apply simp
apply simp
done
lemma injection_below:
"∀x. f⋅(g⋅x) = x ⟹ (g⋅x ⊑ g⋅y) = (x ⊑ y)"
apply (rule iffI)
apply (drule_tac f=f in monofun_cfun_arg)
apply simp
apply (erule monofun_cfun_arg)
done
lemma injection_defined_rev:
"⟦∀x. f⋅(g⋅x) = x; g⋅z = ⊥⟧ ⟹ z = ⊥"
apply (drule_tac f=f in cfun_arg_cong)
apply (simp add: retraction_strict)
done
lemma injection_defined:
"⟦∀x. f⋅(g⋅x) = x; z ≠ ⊥⟧ ⟹ g⋅z ≠ ⊥"
by (erule contrapos_nn, rule injection_defined_rev)
text ‹a result about functions with flat codomain›
lemma flat_eqI: "⟦(x::'a::flat) ⊑ y; x ≠ ⊥⟧ ⟹ x = y"
by (drule ax_flat, simp)
lemma flat_codom:
"f⋅x = (c::'b::flat) ⟹ f⋅⊥ = ⊥ ∨ (∀z. f⋅z = c)"
apply (case_tac "f⋅x = ⊥")
apply (rule disjI1)
apply (rule bottomI)
apply (erule_tac t="⊥" in subst)
apply (rule minimal [THEN monofun_cfun_arg])
apply clarify
apply (rule_tac a = "f⋅⊥" in refl [THEN box_equals])
apply (erule minimal [THEN monofun_cfun_arg, THEN flat_eqI])
apply (erule minimal [THEN monofun_cfun_arg, THEN flat_eqI])
done
subsection ‹Identity and composition›
definition
ID :: "'a → 'a" where
"ID = (Λ x. x)"
definition
cfcomp :: "('b → 'c) → ('a → 'b) → 'a → 'c" where
oo_def: "cfcomp = (Λ f g x. f⋅(g⋅x))"
abbreviation
cfcomp_syn :: "['b → 'c, 'a → 'b] ⇒ 'a → 'c" (infixr "oo" 100) where
"f oo g == cfcomp⋅f⋅g"
lemma ID1 [simp]: "ID⋅x = x"
by (simp add: ID_def)
lemma cfcomp1: "(f oo g) = (Λ x. f⋅(g⋅x))"
by (simp add: oo_def)
lemma cfcomp2 [simp]: "(f oo g)⋅x = f⋅(g⋅x)"
by (simp add: cfcomp1)
lemma cfcomp_LAM: "cont g ⟹ f oo (Λ x. g x) = (Λ x. f⋅(g x))"
by (simp add: cfcomp1)
lemma cfcomp_strict [simp]: "⊥ oo f = ⊥"
by (simp add: cfun_eq_iff)
text ‹
Show that interpretation of (pcpo,‹_->_›) is a category.
The class of objects is interpretation of syntactical class pcpo.
The class of arrows between objects @{typ 'a} and @{typ 'b} is interpret. of @{typ "'a -> 'b"}.
The identity arrow is interpretation of @{term ID}.
The composition of f and g is interpretation of ‹oo›.
›
lemma ID2 [simp]: "f oo ID = f"
by (rule cfun_eqI, simp)
lemma ID3 [simp]: "ID oo f = f"
by (rule cfun_eqI, simp)
lemma assoc_oo: "f oo (g oo h) = (f oo g) oo h"
by (rule cfun_eqI, simp)
subsection ‹Strictified functions›
default_sort pcpo
definition
seq :: "'a → 'b → 'b" where
"seq = (Λ x. if x = ⊥ then ⊥ else ID)"
lemma cont2cont_if_bottom [cont2cont, simp]:
assumes f: "cont (λx. f x)" and g: "cont (λx. g x)"
shows "cont (λx. if f x = ⊥ then ⊥ else g x)"
proof (rule cont_apply [OF f])
show "⋀x. cont (λy. if y = ⊥ then ⊥ else g x)"
unfolding cont_def is_lub_def is_ub_def ball_simps
by (simp add: lub_eq_bottom_iff)
show "⋀y. cont (λx. if y = ⊥ then ⊥ else g x)"
by (simp add: g)
qed
lemma seq_conv_if: "seq⋅x = (if x = ⊥ then ⊥ else ID)"
unfolding seq_def by simp
lemma seq_simps [simp]:
"seq⋅⊥ = ⊥"
"seq⋅x⋅⊥ = ⊥"
"x ≠ ⊥ ⟹ seq⋅x = ID"
by (simp_all add: seq_conv_if)
definition
strictify :: "('a → 'b) → 'a → 'b" where
"strictify = (Λ f x. seq⋅x⋅(f⋅x))"
lemma strictify_conv_if: "strictify⋅f⋅x = (if x = ⊥ then ⊥ else f⋅x)"
unfolding strictify_def by simp
lemma strictify1 [simp]: "strictify⋅f⋅⊥ = ⊥"
by (simp add: strictify_conv_if)
lemma strictify2 [simp]: "x ≠ ⊥ ⟹ strictify⋅f⋅x = f⋅x"
by (simp add: strictify_conv_if)
subsection ‹Continuity of let-bindings›
lemma cont2cont_Let:
assumes f: "cont (λx. f x)"
assumes g1: "⋀y. cont (λx. g x y)"
assumes g2: "⋀x. cont (λy. g x y)"
shows "cont (λx. let y = f x in g x y)"
unfolding Let_def using f g2 g1 by (rule cont_apply)
lemma cont2cont_Let' [simp, cont2cont]:
assumes f: "cont (λx. f x)"
assumes g: "cont (λp. g (fst p) (snd p))"
shows "cont (λx. let y = f x in g x y)"
using f
proof (rule cont2cont_Let)
fix x show "cont (λy. g x y)"
using g by (simp add: prod_cont_iff)
next
fix y show "cont (λx. g x y)"
using g by (simp add: prod_cont_iff)
qed
text ‹The simple version (suggested by Joachim Breitner) is needed if
the type of the defined term is not a cpo.›
lemma cont2cont_Let_simple [simp, cont2cont]:
assumes "⋀y. cont (λx. g x y)"
shows "cont (λx. let y = t in g x y)"
unfolding Let_def using assms .
end