Theory DAList_Multiset
section ‹Multisets partially implemented by association lists›
theory DAList_Multiset
imports Multiset DAList
begin
text ‹Delete prexisting code equations›
declare [[code drop: "{#}" Multiset.is_empty add_mset
"plus :: 'a multiset ⇒ _" "minus :: 'a multiset ⇒ _"
inter_mset union_mset image_mset filter_mset count
"size :: _ multiset ⇒ nat" sum_mset prod_mset
set_mset sorted_list_of_multiset subset_mset subseteq_mset
equal_multiset_inst.equal_multiset]]
text ‹Raw operations on lists›
definition join_raw ::
"('key ⇒ 'val × 'val ⇒ 'val) ⇒
('key × 'val) list ⇒ ('key × 'val) list ⇒ ('key × 'val) list"
where "join_raw f xs ys = foldr (λ(k, v). map_default k v (λv'. f k (v', v))) ys xs"
lemma join_raw_Nil [simp]: "join_raw f xs [] = xs"
by (simp add: join_raw_def)
lemma join_raw_Cons [simp]:
"join_raw f xs ((k, v) # ys) = map_default k v (λv'. f k (v', v)) (join_raw f xs ys)"
by (simp add: join_raw_def)
lemma map_of_join_raw:
assumes "distinct (map fst ys)"
shows "map_of (join_raw f xs ys) x =
(case map_of xs x of
None ⇒ map_of ys x
| Some v ⇒ (case map_of ys x of None ⇒ Some v | Some v' ⇒ Some (f x (v, v'))))"
using assms
apply (induct ys)
apply (auto simp add: map_of_map_default split: option.split)
apply (metis map_of_eq_None_iff option.simps(2) weak_map_of_SomeI)
apply (metis Some_eq_map_of_iff map_of_eq_None_iff option.simps(2))
done
lemma distinct_join_raw:
assumes "distinct (map fst xs)"
shows "distinct (map fst (join_raw f xs ys))"
using assms
proof (induct ys)
case Nil
then show ?case by simp
next
case (Cons y ys)
then show ?case by (cases y) (simp add: distinct_map_default)
qed
definition "subtract_entries_raw xs ys = foldr (λ(k, v). AList.map_entry k (λv'. v' - v)) ys xs"
lemma map_of_subtract_entries_raw:
assumes "distinct (map fst ys)"
shows "map_of (subtract_entries_raw xs ys) x =
(case map_of xs x of
None ⇒ None
| Some v ⇒ (case map_of ys x of None ⇒ Some v | Some v' ⇒ Some (v - v')))"
using assms
unfolding subtract_entries_raw_def
apply (induct ys)
apply auto
apply (simp split: option.split)
apply (simp add: map_of_map_entry)
apply (auto split: option.split)
apply (metis map_of_eq_None_iff option.simps(3) option.simps(4))
apply (metis map_of_eq_None_iff option.simps(4) option.simps(5))
done
lemma distinct_subtract_entries_raw:
assumes "distinct (map fst xs)"
shows "distinct (map fst (subtract_entries_raw xs ys))"
using assms
unfolding subtract_entries_raw_def
by (induct ys) (auto simp add: distinct_map_entry)
text ‹Operations on alists with distinct keys›
lift_definition join :: "('a ⇒ 'b × 'b ⇒ 'b) ⇒ ('a, 'b) alist ⇒ ('a, 'b) alist ⇒ ('a, 'b) alist"
is join_raw
by (simp add: distinct_join_raw)
lift_definition subtract_entries :: "('a, ('b :: minus)) alist ⇒ ('a, 'b) alist ⇒ ('a, 'b) alist"
is subtract_entries_raw
by (simp add: distinct_subtract_entries_raw)
text ‹Implementing multisets by means of association lists›
definition count_of :: "('a × nat) list ⇒ 'a ⇒ nat"
where "count_of xs x = (case map_of xs x of None ⇒ 0 | Some n ⇒ n)"
lemma count_of_multiset: "finite {x. 0 < count_of xs x}"
proof -
let ?A = "{x::'a. 0 < (case map_of xs x of None ⇒ 0::nat | Some n ⇒ n)}"
have "?A ⊆ dom (map_of xs)"
proof
fix x
assume "x ∈ ?A"
then have "0 < (case map_of xs x of None ⇒ 0::nat | Some n ⇒ n)"
by simp
then have "map_of xs x ≠ None"
by (cases "map_of xs x") auto
then show "x ∈ dom (map_of xs)"
by auto
qed
with finite_dom_map_of [of xs] have "finite ?A"
by (auto intro: finite_subset)
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: count_of_def fun_eq_iff)
qed
lemma count_simps [simp]:
"count_of [] = (λ_. 0)"
"count_of ((x, n) # xs) = (λy. if x = y then n else count_of xs y)"
by (simp_all add: count_of_def fun_eq_iff)
lemma count_of_empty: "x ∉ fst ` set xs ⟹ count_of xs x = 0"
by (induct xs) (simp_all add: count_of_def)
lemma count_of_filter: "count_of (List.filter (P ∘ fst) xs) x = (if P x then count_of xs x else 0)"
by (induct xs) auto
lemma count_of_map_default [simp]:
"count_of (map_default x b (λx. x + b) xs) y =
(if x = y then count_of xs x + b else count_of xs y)"
unfolding count_of_def by (simp add: map_of_map_default split: option.split)
lemma count_of_join_raw:
"distinct (map fst ys) ⟹
count_of xs x + count_of ys x = count_of (join_raw (λx (x, y). x + y) xs ys) x"
unfolding count_of_def by (simp add: map_of_join_raw split: option.split)
lemma count_of_subtract_entries_raw:
"distinct (map fst ys) ⟹
count_of xs x - count_of ys x = count_of (subtract_entries_raw xs ys) x"
unfolding count_of_def by (simp add: map_of_subtract_entries_raw split: option.split)
text ‹Code equations for multiset operations›
definition Bag :: "('a, nat) alist ⇒ 'a multiset"
where "Bag xs = Abs_multiset (count_of (DAList.impl_of xs))"
code_datatype Bag
lemma count_Bag [simp, code]: "count (Bag xs) = count_of (DAList.impl_of xs)"
by (simp add: Bag_def count_of_multiset)
lemma Mempty_Bag [code]: "{#} = Bag (DAList.empty)"
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff alist.Alist_inverse DAList.empty_def)
lift_definition is_empty_Bag_impl :: "('a, nat) alist ⇒ bool" is
"λxs. list_all (λx. snd x = 0) xs" .
lemma is_empty_Bag [code]: "Multiset.is_empty (Bag xs) ⟷ is_empty_Bag_impl xs"
proof -
have "Multiset.is_empty (Bag xs) ⟷ (∀x. count (Bag xs) x = 0)"
unfolding Multiset.is_empty_def multiset_eq_iff by simp
also have "… ⟷ (∀x∈fst ` set (alist.impl_of xs). count (Bag xs) x = 0)"
proof (intro iffI allI ballI)
fix x assume A: "∀x∈fst ` set (alist.impl_of xs). count (Bag xs) x = 0"
thus "count (Bag xs) x = 0"
proof (cases "x ∈ fst ` set (alist.impl_of xs)")
case False
thus ?thesis by (force simp: count_of_def split: option.splits)
qed (insert A, auto)
qed simp_all
also have "… ⟷ list_all (λx. snd x = 0) (alist.impl_of xs)"
by (auto simp: count_of_def list_all_def)
finally show ?thesis by (simp add: is_empty_Bag_impl.rep_eq)
qed
lemma union_Bag [code]: "Bag xs + Bag ys = Bag (join (λx (n1, n2). n1 + n2) xs ys)"
by (rule multiset_eqI)
(simp add: count_of_join_raw alist.Alist_inverse distinct_join_raw join_def)
lemma add_mset_Bag [code]: "add_mset x (Bag xs) =
Bag (join (λx (n1, n2). n1 + n2) (DAList.update x 1 DAList.empty) xs)"
unfolding add_mset_add_single[of x "Bag xs"] union_Bag[symmetric]
by (simp add: multiset_eq_iff update.rep_eq empty.rep_eq)
lemma minus_Bag [code]: "Bag xs - Bag ys = Bag (subtract_entries xs ys)"
by (rule multiset_eqI)
(simp add: count_of_subtract_entries_raw alist.Alist_inverse
distinct_subtract_entries_raw subtract_entries_def)
lemma filter_Bag [code]: "filter_mset P (Bag xs) = Bag (DAList.filter (P ∘ fst) xs)"
by (rule multiset_eqI) (simp add: count_of_filter DAList.filter.rep_eq)
lemma mset_eq [code]: "HOL.equal (m1::'a::equal multiset) m2 ⟷ m1 ⊆# m2 ∧ m2 ⊆# m1"
by (metis equal_multiset_def subset_mset.order_eq_iff)
text ‹By default the code for ‹<› is \<^prop>‹xs < ys ⟷ xs ≤ ys ∧ ¬ xs = ys›.
With equality implemented by ‹≤›, this leads to three calls of ‹≤›.
Here is a more efficient version:›
lemma mset_less[code]: "xs ⊂# (ys :: 'a multiset) ⟷ xs ⊆# ys ∧ ¬ ys ⊆# xs"
by (rule subset_mset.less_le_not_le)
lemma mset_less_eq_Bag0:
"Bag xs ⊆# A ⟷ (∀(x, n) ∈ set (DAList.impl_of xs). count_of (DAList.impl_of xs) x ≤ count A x)"
(is "?lhs ⟷ ?rhs")
proof
assume ?lhs
then show ?rhs by (auto simp add: subseteq_mset_def)
next
assume ?rhs
show ?lhs
proof (rule mset_subset_eqI)
fix x
from ‹?rhs› have "count_of (DAList.impl_of xs) x ≤ count A x"
by (cases "x ∈ fst ` set (DAList.impl_of xs)") (auto simp add: count_of_empty)
then show "count (Bag xs) x ≤ count A x" by (simp add: subset_mset_def)
qed
qed
lemma mset_less_eq_Bag [code]:
"Bag xs ⊆# (A :: 'a multiset) ⟷ (∀(x, n) ∈ set (DAList.impl_of xs). n ≤ count A x)"
proof -
{
fix x n
assume "(x,n) ∈ set (DAList.impl_of xs)"
then have "count_of (DAList.impl_of xs) x = n"
proof transfer
fix x n
fix xs :: "('a × nat) list"
show "(distinct ∘ map fst) xs ⟹ (x, n) ∈ set xs ⟹ count_of xs x = n"
proof (induct xs)
case Nil
then show ?case by simp
next
case (Cons ym ys)
obtain y m where ym: "ym = (y,m)" by force
note Cons = Cons[unfolded ym]
show ?case
proof (cases "x = y")
case False
with Cons show ?thesis
unfolding ym by auto
next
case True
with Cons(2-3) have "m = n" by force
with True show ?thesis
unfolding ym by auto
qed
qed
qed
}
then show ?thesis
unfolding mset_less_eq_Bag0 by auto
qed
declare inter_mset_def [code]
declare union_mset_def [code]
declare mset.simps [code]
fun fold_impl :: "('a ⇒ nat ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b) ⇒ 'b ⇒ ('a × nat) list ⇒ 'b"
where
"fold_impl fn e ((a,n) # ms) = (fold_impl fn ((fn a n) e) ms)"
| "fold_impl fn e [] = e"
context
begin
qualified definition fold :: "('a ⇒ nat ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b) ⇒ 'b ⇒ ('a, nat) alist ⇒ 'b"
where "fold f e al = fold_impl f e (DAList.impl_of al)"
end
context comp_fun_commute
begin
lemma DAList_Multiset_fold:
assumes fn: "⋀a n x. fn a n x = (f a ^^ n) x"
shows "fold_mset f e (Bag al) = DAList_Multiset.fold fn e al"
unfolding DAList_Multiset.fold_def
proof (induct al)
fix ys
let ?inv = "{xs :: ('a × nat) list. (distinct ∘ map fst) xs}"
note cs[simp del] = count_simps
have count[simp]: "⋀x. count (Abs_multiset (count_of x)) = count_of x"
by (rule Abs_multiset_inverse) (simp add: count_of_multiset)
assume ys: "ys ∈ ?inv"
then show "fold_mset f e (Bag (Alist ys)) = fold_impl fn e (DAList.impl_of (Alist ys))"
unfolding Bag_def unfolding Alist_inverse[OF ys]
proof (induct ys arbitrary: e rule: list.induct)
case Nil
show ?case
by (rule trans[OF arg_cong[of _ "{#}" "fold_mset f e", OF multiset_eqI]])
(auto, simp add: cs)
next
case (Cons pair ys e)
obtain a n where pair: "pair = (a,n)"
by force
from fn[of a n] have [simp]: "fn a n = (f a ^^ n)"
by auto
have inv: "ys ∈ ?inv"
using Cons(2) by auto
note IH = Cons(1)[OF inv]
define Ys where "Ys = Abs_multiset (count_of ys)"
have id: "Abs_multiset (count_of ((a, n) # ys)) = (((+) {# a #}) ^^ n) Ys"
unfolding Ys_def
proof (rule multiset_eqI, unfold count)
fix c
show "count_of ((a, n) # ys) c =
count (((+) {#a#} ^^ n) (Abs_multiset (count_of ys))) c" (is "?l = ?r")
proof (cases "c = a")
case False
then show ?thesis
unfolding cs by (induct n) auto
next
case True
then have "?l = n" by (simp add: cs)
also have "n = ?r" unfolding True
proof (induct n)
case 0
from Cons(2)[unfolded pair] have "a ∉ fst ` set ys" by auto
then show ?case by (induct ys) (simp, auto simp: cs)
next
case Suc
then show ?case by simp
qed
finally show ?thesis .
qed
qed
show ?case
unfolding pair
apply (simp add: IH[symmetric])
unfolding id Ys_def[symmetric]
apply (induct n)
apply (auto simp: fold_mset_fun_left_comm[symmetric])
done
qed
qed
end
context
begin
private lift_definition single_alist_entry :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ ('a, 'b) alist" is "λa b. [(a, b)]"
by auto
lemma image_mset_Bag [code]:
"image_mset f (Bag ms) =
DAList_Multiset.fold (λa n m. Bag (single_alist_entry (f a) n) + m) {#} ms"
unfolding image_mset_def
proof (rule comp_fun_commute.DAList_Multiset_fold, unfold_locales, (auto simp: ac_simps)[1])
fix a n m
show "Bag (single_alist_entry (f a) n) + m = ((add_mset ∘ f) a ^^ n) m" (is "?l = ?r")
proof (rule multiset_eqI)
fix x
have "count ?r x = (if x = f a then n + count m x else count m x)"
by (induct n) auto
also have "… = count ?l x"
by (simp add: single_alist_entry.rep_eq)
finally show "count ?l x = count ?r x" ..
qed
qed
end
lemma sum_mset_Bag[code]: "sum_mset (Bag ms) = DAList_Multiset.fold (λa n. (((+) a) ^^ n)) 0 ms"
unfolding sum_mset.eq_fold
apply (rule comp_fun_commute.DAList_Multiset_fold)
apply unfold_locales
apply (auto simp: ac_simps)
done
lemma prod_mset_Bag[code]: "prod_mset (Bag ms) = DAList_Multiset.fold (λa n. (((*) a) ^^ n)) 1 ms"
unfolding prod_mset.eq_fold
apply (rule comp_fun_commute.DAList_Multiset_fold)
apply unfold_locales
apply (auto simp: ac_simps)
done
lemma size_fold: "size A = fold_mset (λ_. Suc) 0 A" (is "_ = fold_mset ?f _ _")
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute ?f by standard auto
show ?thesis by (induct A) auto
qed
lemma size_Bag[code]: "size (Bag ms) = DAList_Multiset.fold (λa n. (+) n) 0 ms"
unfolding size_fold
proof (rule comp_fun_commute.DAList_Multiset_fold, unfold_locales, simp)
fix a n x
show "n + x = (Suc ^^ n) x"
by (induct n) auto
qed
lemma set_mset_fold: "set_mset A = fold_mset insert {} A" (is "_ = fold_mset ?f _ _")
proof -
interpret comp_fun_commute ?f by standard auto
show ?thesis by (induct A) auto
qed
lemma set_mset_Bag[code]:
"set_mset (Bag ms) = DAList_Multiset.fold (λa n. (if n = 0 then (λm. m) else insert a)) {} ms"
unfolding set_mset_fold
proof (rule comp_fun_commute.DAList_Multiset_fold, unfold_locales, (auto simp: ac_simps)[1])
fix a n x
show "(if n = 0 then λm. m else insert a) x = (insert a ^^ n) x" (is "?l n = ?r n")
proof (cases n)
case 0
then show ?thesis by simp
next
case (Suc m)
then have "?l n = insert a x" by simp
moreover have "?r n = insert a x" unfolding Suc by (induct m) auto
ultimately show ?thesis by auto
qed
qed
instantiation multiset :: (exhaustive) exhaustive
begin
definition exhaustive_multiset ::
"('a multiset ⇒ (bool × term list) option) ⇒ natural ⇒ (bool × term list) option"
where "exhaustive_multiset f i = Quickcheck_Exhaustive.exhaustive (λxs. f (Bag xs)) i"
instance ..
end
end