Theory CFG

section ‹CFG›

theory CFG imports BasicDefs begin

subsection ‹The abstract CFG›

locale CFG =
  fixes sourcenode :: "'edge ⇒ 'node"
  fixes targetnode :: "'edge ⇒ 'node"
  fixes kind :: "'edge ⇒ 'state edge_kind"
  fixes valid_edge :: "'edge ⇒ bool"
  fixes Entry::"'node" ("'('_Entry'_')")
  assumes Entry_target [dest]: "⟦valid_edge a; targetnode a = (_Entry_)⟧ ⟹ False"
  and edge_det: 
  "⟦valid_edge a; valid_edge a'; sourcenode a = sourcenode a'; 
    targetnode a = targetnode a'⟧ ⟹ a = a'"

begin

definition valid_node :: "'node ⇒ bool"
  where "valid_node n ≡ 
  (∃a. valid_edge a ∧ (n = sourcenode a ∨ n = targetnode a))"

lemma [simp]: "valid_edge a ⟹ valid_node (sourcenode a)"
  by(fastforce simp:valid_node_def)

lemma [simp]: "valid_edge a ⟹ valid_node (targetnode a)"
  by(fastforce simp:valid_node_def)


subsection ‹CFG paths and lemmas›

inductive path :: "'node ⇒ 'edge list ⇒ 'node ⇒ bool"
  ("_ -_→* _" [51,0,0] 80)
where 
  empty_path:"valid_node n ⟹ n -[]→* n"

  | Cons_path:
  "⟦n'' -as→* n'; valid_edge a; sourcenode a = n; targetnode a = n''⟧
    ⟹ n -a#as→* n'"


lemma path_valid_node:
  assumes "n -as→* n'" shows "valid_node n" and "valid_node n'"
  using ‹n -as→* n'›
  by(induct rule:path.induct,auto)

lemma empty_path_nodes [dest]:"n -[]→* n' ⟹ n = n'"
  by(fastforce elim:path.cases)

lemma path_valid_edges:"n -as→* n' ⟹ ∀a ∈ set as. valid_edge a"
by(induct rule:path.induct) auto


lemma path_edge:"valid_edge a ⟹ sourcenode a -[a]→* targetnode a"
  by(fastforce intro:Cons_path empty_path)


lemma path_Entry_target [dest]:
  assumes "n -as→* (_Entry_)"
  shows "n = (_Entry_)" and "as = []"
using ‹n -as→* (_Entry_)›
proof(induct n as n'≡"(_Entry_)" rule:path.induct)
  case (Cons_path n'' as a n)
  from ‹targetnode a = n''› ‹valid_edge a› ‹n'' = (_Entry_)› have False
    by -(rule Entry_target,simp_all)
  { case 1
    with ‹False› show ?case ..
  next
    case 2
    with ‹False› show ?case ..
  }
qed simp_all



lemma path_Append:"⟦n -as→* n''; n'' -as'→* n'⟧ 
  ⟹ n -as@as'→* n'"
by(induct rule:path.induct,auto intro:Cons_path)


lemma path_split:
  assumes "n -as@a#as'→* n'"
  shows "n -as→* sourcenode a" and "valid_edge a" and "targetnode a -as'→* n'"
  using ‹n -as@a#as'→* n'›
proof(induct as arbitrary:n)
  case Nil case 1
  thus ?case by(fastforce elim:path.cases intro:empty_path)
next
  case Nil case 2
  thus ?case by(fastforce elim:path.cases intro:path_edge)
next
  case Nil case 3
  thus ?case by(fastforce elim:path.cases)
next
  case (Cons ax asx) 
  note IH1 = ‹⋀n. n -asx@a#as'→* n' ⟹ n -asx→* sourcenode a›
  note IH2 = ‹⋀n. n -asx@a#as'→* n' ⟹ valid_edge a›
  note IH3 = ‹⋀n. n -asx@a#as'→* n' ⟹ targetnode a -as'→* n'›
  { case 1 
    hence "sourcenode ax = n" and "targetnode ax -asx@a#as'→* n'" and "valid_edge ax"
      by(auto elim:path.cases)
    from IH1[OF ‹ targetnode ax -asx@a#as'→* n'›] 
    have "targetnode ax -asx→* sourcenode a" .
    with ‹sourcenode ax = n› ‹valid_edge ax› show ?case by(fastforce intro:Cons_path)
  next
    case 2 hence "targetnode ax -asx@a#as'→* n'" by(auto elim:path.cases)
    from IH2[OF this] show ?case .
  next
    case 3 hence "targetnode ax -asx@a#as'→* n'" by(auto elim:path.cases)
    from IH3[OF this] show ?case .
  }
qed


lemma path_split_Cons:
  assumes "n -as→* n'" and "as ≠ []"
  obtains a' as' where "as = a'#as'" and "n = sourcenode a'"
  and "valid_edge a'" and "targetnode a' -as'→* n'"
proof -
  from ‹as ≠ []› obtain a' as' where "as = a'#as'" by(cases as) auto
  with ‹n -as→* n'› have "n -[]@a'#as'→* n'" by simp
  hence "n -[]→* sourcenode a'" and "valid_edge a'" and "targetnode a' -as'→* n'"
    by(rule path_split)+
  from ‹n -[]→* sourcenode a'› have "n = sourcenode a'" by fast
  with ‹as = a'#as'› ‹valid_edge a'› ‹targetnode a' -as'→* n'› that show ?thesis 
    by fastforce
qed


lemma path_split_snoc:
  assumes "n -as→* n'" and "as ≠ []"
  obtains a' as' where "as = as'@[a']" and "n -as'→* sourcenode a'"
  and "valid_edge a'" and "n' = targetnode a'"
proof -
  from ‹as ≠ []› obtain a' as' where "as = as'@[a']" by(cases as rule:rev_cases) auto
  with ‹n -as→* n'› have "n -as'@a'#[]→* n'" by simp
  hence "n -as'→* sourcenode a'" and "valid_edge a'" and "targetnode a' -[]→* n'"
    by(rule path_split)+
  from ‹targetnode a' -[]→* n'› have "n' = targetnode a'" by fast
  with ‹as = as'@[a']› ‹valid_edge a'› ‹n -as'→* sourcenode a'› that show ?thesis 
    by fastforce
qed


lemma path_split_second:
  assumes "n -as@a#as'→* n'" shows "sourcenode a -a#as'→* n'"
proof -
  from ‹n -as@a#as'→* n'› have "valid_edge a" and "targetnode a -as'→* n'"
    by(auto intro:path_split)
  thus ?thesis by(fastforce intro:Cons_path)
qed


lemma path_Entry_Cons:
  assumes "(_Entry_) -as→* n'" and "n' ≠ (_Entry_)"
  obtains n a where "sourcenode a = (_Entry_)" and "targetnode a = n"
  and "n -tl as→* n'" and "valid_edge a" and "a = hd as"
proof -
  from ‹(_Entry_) -as→* n'› ‹n' ≠ (_Entry_)› have "as ≠ []"
    by(cases as,auto elim:path.cases)
  with ‹(_Entry_) -as→* n'› obtain a' as' where "as = a'#as'" 
    and "(_Entry_) = sourcenode a'" and "valid_edge a'" and "targetnode a' -as'→* n'"
    by(erule path_split_Cons)
  with that show ?thesis by fastforce
qed


lemma path_det:
  "⟦n -as→* n'; n -as→* n''⟧ ⟹ n' = n''"
proof(induct as arbitrary:n)
  case Nil thus ?case by(auto elim:path.cases)
next
  case (Cons a' as')
  note IH = ‹⋀n. ⟦n -as'→* n'; n -as'→* n''⟧ ⟹ n' = n''›
  from ‹n -a'#as'→* n'› have "targetnode a' -as'→* n'" 
    by(fastforce elim:path_split_Cons)
  from ‹n -a'#as'→* n''› have "targetnode a' -as'→* n''" 
    by(fastforce elim:path_split_Cons)
  from IH[OF ‹targetnode a' -as'→* n'› this] show ?thesis .
qed


definition
  sourcenodes :: "'edge list ⇒ 'node list"
  where "sourcenodes xs ≡ map sourcenode xs"

definition
  kinds :: "'edge list ⇒ 'state edge_kind list"
  where "kinds xs ≡ map kind xs"

definition
  targetnodes :: "'edge list ⇒ 'node list"
  where "targetnodes xs ≡ map targetnode xs"


lemma path_sourcenode:
  "⟦n -as→* n'; as ≠ []⟧ ⟹ hd (sourcenodes as) = n"
by(fastforce elim:path_split_Cons simp:sourcenodes_def)



lemma path_targetnode:
  "⟦n -as→* n'; as ≠ []⟧ ⟹ last (targetnodes as) = n'"
by(fastforce elim:path_split_snoc simp:targetnodes_def)



lemma sourcenodes_is_n_Cons_butlast_targetnodes:
  "⟦n -as→* n'; as ≠ []⟧ ⟹ 
  sourcenodes as = n#(butlast (targetnodes as))"
proof(induct as arbitrary:n)
  case Nil thus ?case by simp
next
  case (Cons a' as')
  note IH = ‹⋀n. ⟦n -as'→* n'; as' ≠ []⟧
            ⟹ sourcenodes as' = n#(butlast (targetnodes as'))›
  from ‹n -a'#as'→* n'› have "n = sourcenode a'" and "targetnode a' -as'→* n'"
    by(auto elim:path_split_Cons)
  show ?case
  proof(cases "as' = []")
    case True
    with ‹targetnode a' -as'→* n'› have "targetnode a' = n'" by fast
    with True ‹n = sourcenode a'› show ?thesis
      by(simp add:sourcenodes_def targetnodes_def)
  next
    case False
    from IH[OF ‹targetnode a' -as'→* n'› this] 
    have "sourcenodes as' = targetnode a' # butlast (targetnodes as')" .
    with ‹n = sourcenode a'› False show ?thesis
      by(simp add:sourcenodes_def targetnodes_def)
  qed
qed



lemma targetnodes_is_tl_sourcenodes_App_n':
  "⟦n -as→* n'; as ≠ []⟧ ⟹ 
    targetnodes as = (tl (sourcenodes as))@[n']"
proof(induct as arbitrary:n' rule:rev_induct)
  case Nil thus ?case by simp
next
  case (snoc a' as')
  note IH = ‹⋀n'. ⟦n -as'→* n'; as' ≠ []⟧
    ⟹ targetnodes as' = tl (sourcenodes as') @ [n']›
  from ‹n -as'@[a']→* n'› have "n -as'→* sourcenode a'" and "n' = targetnode a'"
    by(auto elim:path_split_snoc)
  show ?case
  proof(cases "as' = []")
    case True
    with ‹n -as'→* sourcenode a'› have "n = sourcenode a'" by fast
    with True ‹n' = targetnode a'› show ?thesis
      by(simp add:sourcenodes_def targetnodes_def)
  next
    case False
    from IH[OF ‹n -as'→* sourcenode a'› this]
    have "targetnodes as' = tl (sourcenodes as')@[sourcenode a']" .
    with ‹n' = targetnode a'› False show ?thesis
      by(simp add:sourcenodes_def targetnodes_def)
  qed
qed

lemma Entry_sourcenode_hd:
  assumes "n -as→* n'" and "(_Entry_) ∈ set (sourcenodes as)"
  shows "n = (_Entry_)" and "(_Entry_) ∉ set (sourcenodes (tl as))"
  using ‹n -as→* n'› ‹(_Entry_) ∈ set (sourcenodes as)›
proof(induct rule:path.induct)
  case (empty_path n) case 1
  thus ?case by(simp add:sourcenodes_def)
next
  case (empty_path n) case 2
  thus ?case by(simp add:sourcenodes_def)
next
  case (Cons_path n'' as n' a n)
  note IH1 = ‹(_Entry_) ∈ set(sourcenodes as) ⟹ n'' = (_Entry_)›
  note IH2 = ‹(_Entry_) ∈ set(sourcenodes as) ⟹ (_Entry_) ∉ set(sourcenodes(tl as))›
  have "(_Entry_) ∉ set (sourcenodes(tl(a#as)))"
  proof
    assume "(_Entry_) ∈ set (sourcenodes (tl (a#as)))"
    hence "(_Entry_) ∈ set (sourcenodes as)" by simp
    from IH1[OF this] have "n'' = (_Entry_)" by simp
    with ‹targetnode a = n''› ‹valid_edge a› show False by -(erule Entry_target,simp)
  qed
  hence "(_Entry_) ∉ set (sourcenodes(tl(a#as)))" by fastforce
  { case 1
    with ‹(_Entry_) ∉ set (sourcenodes(tl(a#as)))› ‹sourcenode a = n›
    show ?case by(simp add:sourcenodes_def)
  next
    case 2
    with ‹(_Entry_) ∉ set (sourcenodes(tl(a#as)))› ‹sourcenode a = n›
    show ?case by(simp add:sourcenodes_def)
  }
qed

end

end