Count the Number of Complex Roots

Based on evaluating Cauchy indices through remainder sequences, this entry provides an effective procedure to count the number of complex roots (with multiplicity) of a polynomial within various shapes (e.g., rectangle, circle and half-plane). Potential applications of this entry include certified complex root isolation (of a polynomial) and testing the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion (i.e., to check whether all the roots of some characteristic polynomial have negative real parts).